{"id":1052,"date":"2025-11-06T01:39:05","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T01:39:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/?page_id=1052"},"modified":"2025-11-08T13:12:05","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T13:12:05","slug":"incarcerated-labor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/incarcerated-labor\/","title":{"rendered":"Incarcerated Labor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1052\" class=\"elementor elementor-1052\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-275b02db elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"275b02db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b67bed6\" data-id=\"4b67bed6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79268a66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"79268a66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/incite.columbia.edu\">INCITE @ Columbia University<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__text hfe-animation__grow\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"fas fa-align-justify\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-align-justify&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;far fa-window-close&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-full-width=\"yes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-39fbefc\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-321\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-335\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/work\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Work<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a5d5376\" data-id=\"3a5d5376\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6acbd561 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6acbd561\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;tilt&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0,6V0h1000v100L0,6z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e159a37\" data-id=\"4e159a37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f4afd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f4afd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Report: The Impact of Incarcerated Labor<br>in Hyundai's U.S. Supply Chain<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e02569 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e02569\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;tilt&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0,6V0h1000v100L0,6z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f94424a\" data-id=\"2f94424a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27440d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27440d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><a href=\"http:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/cll_hyundai_report\"><strong>Download report<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/Delivery.cfm\/5698743.pdf?abstractid=5698743&amp;mirid=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Download academic working paper<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-5CYV29BVT8\"><strong>Report press conference<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab631e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ab631e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/cll_hyundai_report\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-11.41.15\u202fAM.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1054\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-11.41.15\u202fAM.png 666w, https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-05-at-11.41.15\u202fAM-231x300.png 231w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39b8c010\" data-id=\"39b8c010\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe770e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe770e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:list {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"lineHeight\":\"1.8\"}}} --><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p><p class=\"p2\"><strong>KEY FINDINGS:<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"p2\">Based on a survey of Alabama auto plant workers and related sources, we study the incidence of incarcerated labor in Hyundai&#8217;s U.S. supply chain.<\/p><ul><li class=\"p2\">In the survey, those working in the Hyundai supply chain in Alabama report earning 10-15% less than other auto supply chain workers in the state, even after accounting for education, race, gender, and age.<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><ul><li class=\"p2\">Workers in Hyundai&#8217;s supply chain also report more safety hazards and more frequent negative experiences such as wage theft, forced overtime, harassment, and lack of breaks, compared to other auto supply chain workers in Alabama.<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><ul><li class=\"p2\">In the Montgomery area, where Hyundai suppliers are concentrated, auto supplier wages are 7-9% lower than expected compared to similar jobs elsewhere in Alabama and nearby states. One contributor to these disparities appears to be Hyundai&#8217;s use of prison labor. Multiple Hyundai-linked suppliers employ workers from Alabama&#8217;s prison work release program, with prison labor especially concentrated in auto parts manufacturing in Montgomery.<\/li><\/ul><div>\u00a0<\/div><ul><li class=\"p2\">We find that a 10% increase in the share of incarcerated workers in a plant is associated with a 10-14% drop in wages for free workers. We find evidence that this is explained by the fact that incarcerated workers are far less likely to quit over low pay due to coercive prison conditions, which gives employers leverage to lower wages and working conditions for all their employees.<\/li><\/ul><p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a448db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4a448db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35935b6a\" data-id=\"35935b6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-390cde38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"390cde38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76655ac0\" data-id=\"76655ac0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b66c98 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4b66c98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;tilt&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0,6V0h1000v100L0,6z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b11182a\" data-id=\"4b11182a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38af160b\" data-id=\"38af160b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df82965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3df82965\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac49d53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ac49d53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Columbia University Labor Lab<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cdf9dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cdf9dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Part of INCITE @ Columbia University<br><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">61 Claremont Avenue Suite 1300<br>New York, NY 10027<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/incite.columbia.edu\">incite.columbia.edu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29ec850f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"29ec850f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6393687b\" data-id=\"6393687b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INCITE @ Columbia University Menu Home Work Incarcerated Labor Report: The Impact of Incarcerated Laborin Hyundai&#8217;s U.S. Supply Chain Download report Download academic working paper Report press conference KEY FINDINGS: Based on a survey of Alabama auto plant workers and related sources, we study the incidence of incarcerated labor in Hyundai&#8217;s U.S. supply chain. In [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1052","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1052"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1112,"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1052\/revisions\/1112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/laborlabcu.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}